An Energy Efficient Scheme for Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Energy Efficiency of sensor nodes is a sizzling issue, given the severe resource constraints of sensor nodes and pervasive nature of sensor networks. The base station being located at variable distances from the nodes in the sensor field, each node actually dissipates a different amount of energy to transmit data to the same. The LEACH [4] and PEGASIS [5] protocols provide elegant solutions to this problem, but may not always result in optimal performance. In this paper we have proposed a novel data gathering protocol for enhancing the network lifetime by optimizing energy dissipation in the nodes. To achieve our design objective we have applied particle swarm optimization (PSO) with Simulated Annealing (SA) to form a sub-optimal data gathering chain and devised a method for selecting an efficient leader for communicating to the base station. In our scheme each node only communicates with a close neighbor and takes turns in being the leader depending on its residual energy and location. This helps to rule out the unequal energy dissipation by the individual nodes of the network and results in superior performance as compared to LEACH and PEGASIS. Extensive computer simulations have been carried out which shows that significant improvement is over these schemes.