Foreground removal from WMAP 7 yr polarization maps using an MLP neural network

One of the fundamental problems in extracting the cosmic microwave background signal (CMB) from millimeter/submillimeter observations is the pollution by emission from the Milky Way: synchrotron, free-free, and thermal dust emission. To extract the fundamental cosmological parameters from CMB signal, it is mandatory to minimize this pollution since it will create systematic errors in the CMB power spectra. In previous investigations, it has been demonstrated that the neural network method provide high quality CMB maps from temperature data. Here the analysis is extended to polarization maps. As a concrete example, the WMAP 7-year polarization data, the most reliable determination of the polarization properties of the CMB, has been analyzed. The analysis has adopted the frequency maps, noise models, window functions and the foreground models as provided by the WMAP Team, and no auxiliary data is included. Within this framework it is demonstrated that the network can extract the CMB polarization signal with no sign of pollution by the polarized foregrounds. The errors in the derived polarization power spectra are improved compared to the errors derived by the WMAP Team.

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References (11)

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06Repeat 1–3 until the desired number of spectra ( N NNET ) has been obtained
07the “Team steep” model assumes logarithmic variation of the synchrotron slope with frequency
08Obtain an independent test sample of spectra by repeating 1–3 N TEST times
09For each frequency, add random Gaussian noise calculated from the WMAP 7 yr hit maps and the error per hit given in the WMAP web-site
10Train the neural network to find the transformation be-tween the input spectra and the true CMB Q and U (known for each spectrum of the training data set)
11Calculate the resulting Q and U for the 5 WMAP bands from the foreground model in Sect. 3

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