Efficient Differentially Private $F_0$ Linear Sketching

A powerful feature of linear sketches is that from sketches of two data vectors, one can compute the sketch of the difference between the vectors. This allows us to answer fine-grained questions about the difference between two data sets. In this work, we consider how to construct sketches for weighted $F_0$, i.e., the summed weights of the elements in the data set, that are small, differentially private, and computationally efficient. Let a weight vector $w\in(0,1]^u$ be given. For $x\in\{0,1\}^u$ we are interested in estimating $\Vert x\circ w\Vert_1$ where $\circ$ is the Hadamard product (entrywise product). Building on a technique of Kushilevitz et al.~(STOC 1998), we introduce a sketch (depending on $w$) that is linear over GF(2), mapping a vector $x\in \{0,1\}^u$ to $Hx\in\{0,1\}^τ$ for a matrix $H$ sampled from a suitable distribution $\mathcal{H}$. Differential privacy is achieved by using randomized response, flipping each bit of $Hx$ with probability $p<1/2$. We show that for every choice of $0

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