A simple guide from machine learning outputs to statistical criteria in particle physics

In this paper we propose ways to incorporate Machine Learning training outputs into a study of statistical significance. We describe these methods in supervised classification tasks using a CNN and a DNN output, and unsupervised learning based on a VAE. As use cases, we consider two physical situations where Machine Learning are often used: high-p_TpT hadronic activity, and boosted Higgs in association with a massive vector boson.