Emerging trends in machine learning for computational fluid dynamics

The renewed interest from the scientific community in machine learning (ML) is opening many new areas of research. Here we focus on trends in ML that are providing opportunities to advance the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We discuss synergies between ML and CFD that have already shown benefits, and we also assess areas that are under development and may produce important benefits in the coming years. We believe that it is also important to emphasize a balanced perspective of cautious optimism for these emerging approaches.