Homogenising SoHO/EIT and SDO/AIA 171Å$~$ Images: A Deep Learning Approach

Extreme Ultraviolet images of the Sun are becoming an integral part of space weather prediction tasks. However, having different surveys requires the development of instrument-specific prediction algorithms. As an alternative, it is possible to combine multiple surveys to create a homogeneous dataset. In this study, we utilize the temporal overlap of SoHO/EIT and SDO/AIA 171~\AA ~surveys to train an ensemble of deep learning models for creating a single homogeneous survey of EUV images for 2 solar cycles. Prior applications of deep learning have focused on validating the homogeneity of the output while overlooking the systematic estimation of uncertainty. We use an approach called `Approximate Bayesian Ensembling' to generate an ensemble of models whose uncertainty mimics that of a fully Bayesian neural network at a fraction of the cost. We find that ensemble uncertainty goes down as the training set size increases. Additionally, we show that the model ensemble adds immense value to the prediction by showing higher uncertainty in test data that are not well represented in the training data.

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References (7)

032022, in Proceedings of the 2nd Machine Learning in Heliophysics2019 · arXiv e-prints,
04difference: H = 1 K (cid:80) i ( HT i − HP i ) 2 where K stands for the number of bins in the histograms2018 · Histogram
05We found DL outcome is always superior to a simple upsampling based on intensity scaling and bi-cubic interpolation
06We also estimated the uncertainty of the prediction by training an ensemble of models through Approximate Bayesian Ensembling (ABE)
07We trained a CNN based on residual blocks and upsampling layers to translate an EIT patch to an AIA patch

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