Towards Efficient and Optimal Covariance-Adaptive Algorithms for Combinatorial Semi-Bandits

We address the problem of stochastic combinatorial semi-bandits, where a player selects among P actions from the power set of a set containing d base items. Adaptivity to the problem's structure is essential in order to obtain optimal regret upper bounds. As estimating the coefficients of a covariance matrix can be manageable in practice, leveraging them should improve the regret. We design"optimistic"covariance-adaptive algorithms relying on online estimations of the covariance structure, called OLS-UCB-C and COS-V (only the variances for the latter). They both yields improved gap-free regret. Although COS-V can be slightly suboptimal, it improves on computational complexity by taking inspiration from ThompsonSampling approaches. It is the first sampling-based algorithm satisfying a T^1/2 gap-free regret (up to poly-logs). We also show that in some cases, our approach efficiently leverages the semi-bandit feedback and outperforms bandit feedback approaches, not only in exponential regimes where P>>d but also when P<= d, which is not covered by existing analyses.

Paper

References (25)

Scroll for more · 13 remaining

Similar papers

Peer review

Reviewer RAfE6/10 · confidence 5/52024-06-20

Summary

The paper focuses on stochastic combinatorial semi-bandit problems where a player selects from a power set of actions comprising subsets of d base items. It underscores the importance of adapting to the problem structure to achieve optimal regret bounds, emphasizing the use of covariance matrix estimation to enhance performance. The proposed "optimistic" algorithms, OLS-UCB-C and COS-V, employ online covariance estimation. While COS-V prioritizes improved computational efficiency over slight optimality, inspired by Thompson Sampling, it marks the first sampling-based algorithm to achieve a $T^.5$ gap-free regret bound.

Strengths

The paper is well-written. The worst-case guarantees and instance-dependent guarantees represent a significant enhancement over existing algorithms that adapt to covariance. 2 different and relevant algorithms and analysis are proposed. The comparison of regret rates and computational complexity between different algorithms is clear.

Weaknesses

The log(T) term has a power 3 in the regret bound, which can be improved. The approach of estimating the covariance matrix online and using it for confidence bounds is not new. No empirical evaluation.

Questions

Do you think the log(T)^3 factor can be reduced ? Why is there such a factor, whereas usually there is simply a log(T) factor ?

Rating

6

Confidence

5

Soundness

4

Presentation

3

Contribution

3

Limitations

A sharp dependence on the horizon $T$ is more important for the instance-dependent guarantees.

Reviewer RAfE2024-08-13

I read the authors’ rebuttal and the comments of other reviewers. I would like to keep my score unchanged.

Reviewer 47Sr6/10 · confidence 3/52024-07-04

Summary

The paper "Towards Efficient and Optimal Covariance-Adaptive Algorithms for Combinatorial Semi-Bandits" addresses the challenge of designing algorithms that adapt to covariance in the context of stochastic combinatorial semi-bandits, where decision-makers face a set of actions exponentially large in the number of base items.

Strengths

1. The paper presents new algorithms that improve on both the computational efficiency and regret bounds by adapting to the covariance structure of the environment, which is crucial for applications where the rewards are not independent across actions. 2. It provides the first gap-free regret bounds (regret bounds that do not depend on the minimum sub-optimality gap between the best and second-best actions) for these types of problems, extending the theory beyond independent rewards assumptions.

Weaknesses

1. The assumption that the reward (Lines 45-46) for each base item \( Y_{t,i} \) is bounded by \( \frac{B_i}{2} \) may be strong, where reward distributions can exhibit significant variability and are not tightly bounded. 2. While the algorithms' theoretical framework and mathematical formulation are well-articulated, the lack of experimental results or simulations leaves a crucial gap.

Questions

1. Concerns regarding the role of `f_t,δ` and `g_t,δ` functions in Eq. 6 and 7. The algorithms utilize the functions `f_t,δ` and `g_t,δ` to dynamically adjust the exploration strategy. The paper implies an increase in `f_t,δ` and `g_t,δ` as \( t \) increases, which leads to an increasing exploration bonus and variance over time. This design choice raises several concerns and questions, especially from an intuitive standpoint: a) Increasing Exploration Over Time: Typically, one might expect that as an algorithm learns more about the environment, the need for exploration would decrease, reducing the exploration bonus and variance. The paper’s approach where `f_t,δ` increases with \( t \) seems counterintuitive. An explanation or justification for why increased exploration is necessary or beneficial as the algorithm progresses would be crucial. b) Design Justification for `g_t,δ` and `f_t,δ`: The paper lacks a detailed explanation for the design of `g_t,δ` and `f_t,δ`. Are there specific characteristics of the problem domain or empirical observations that suggest this approach? c) Impact on Algorithm’s Performance: How does the increasing trend of `f_t,δ` and `g_t,δ` impact the algorithm's overall performance across different learning stages? Some insights into how this approach compares to more traditional methods where exploration decreases over time would be beneficial. 2. The paper specifies using a Gaussian distribution in Eq. 7 for parameter sampling within the COS-V algorithm. Could the authors provide further justification for the choice of a Gaussian distribution in this context?

Rating

6

Confidence

3

Soundness

3

Presentation

3

Contribution

3

Limitations

As described in the paper, the results and theorems are discussed with comments made especially about some limitations.

Reviewer 47Sr2024-08-10

Thank you for the response from the authors. 1. I have reviewed the experiments conducted by the authors, and I am particularly curious about the regret pattern of OLS_UCBV, which shows a distinct zigzag shape: it starts with a slow increase in regret, followed by a sharp rise, and then it tends to converge. This has also piqued my curiosity about the specific settings of the randomly generated synthetic environment, and it appears that its results are inferior to those of C_UCBV and ESCB_C_approx. 2. Additionally, if it is Covariance-Adaptive, I would like to know how the fluctuations or error bars of the actual performance of the algorithm proposed by the authors compare to those of other algorithms across multiple random seeds.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-12

We thank the reviewer for responding to our rebuttal and hope that we have adequately addressed their concerns regarding the design of our algorithms and our results. We kindly ask the reviewer to take this into consideration in their final assessment. We would like to emphasize again that our contributions are focused on the theoretical aspects of combinatorial bandits. Our paper is already dense with significant theoretical contributions, including new gap-free regret bounds, improved computational complexity, and a novel stochastic algorithm with analysis that combines the computational efficiency of Thompson Sampling with the analytical strengths of optimistic algorithms, all of which contribute to a deeper understanding of combinatorial bandits. The empirical study we provided in the rebuttal primarily serves to demonstrate that our algorithms can be implemented, achieve the expected logarithmic regret expected by the theory, and perform well in practice compared to their competitors. We acknowledge that this study alone is not sufficient, and we will strive to conduct more thorough experiments in the final version (although we do not expect it to be considered as a contribution of our current work). Regarding the additional questions, due to time constraints during the rebuttal phase and the high computational cost of existing combinatorial bandit algorithms, our experiments were conducted on a single synthetic dataset and should be interpreted with caution. > I have reviewed the experiments [...]. Note that due to the log-log scale, the early shape of the regret curves should be interpreted with caution, as they correspond to only a few rounds $(\approx 30)$ compared to the total number of rounds $(\approx 10\,000)$. Furthermore, the curves are only valid after the measurement at $t=10$; prior to that, they mistakenly appear flat. The early behavior is primarily influenced by how the algorithms perform initial exploration and may be affected by hyper-parameter calibrations, which were not thoroughly optimized in this case. What is more important to observe in these experiments is the behavior at the end of the regret curves: - Both OLS-UCB-C and ESCB-C-approx appear to have converged and entered the logarithmic regret regime. The difference between them seems to be due to constant terms related to their exploration strategies, but it does not seem to increase over time. - Towards the end, the per-round regret of C-UCBV is higher than that of OLS-UCBV, indicating that its cumulative regret will eventually be higher. This synthetic instance was "easy" enough for both algorithms to reach the logarithmic regime. However, it's important to note that in more challenging instances, ESCB-C only guarantees a worst-case regret of $O(T^{2/3})$, while our algorithm provides a stronger guarantee of $O(\sqrt{T})$. > Covariance-Adaptation and error bars. Indeed, having error bars is important, and we will include them in the final version. Unfortunately, we did not have time to include them in this preliminary experiment presented in the rebuttal. The adaptivity of our algorithms (and ESCB-C) to the covariance structure of the base items can be inferred from the per-round regret (i.e., the derivative) at the end of the plot. We observe that ESCB-C and OLS-UCB-C maintain a relatively similar distance asymptotically. In contrast, C-UCBV (C-UCB with plugged-in variance estimators) has also converged, but its final per-round regret is slightly worse than both. This is likely because C-UCBV does not account for covariance but instead assumes worst-case correlations between items. However, we must emphasize that this could be an artifact, and these experiments are not thorough enough to draw definitive conclusions.

Reviewer 47Sr2024-08-14

Thank you for your clarification. I will increase the score by one point based on this discussion.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-14

Thank you for your understanding and for raising the score; we value your careful consideration of our contributions.

Reviewer zmBr7/10 · confidence 2/52024-07-09

Summary

This paper tackles the combinatorial semi-bandits problem and provides many theoretical results, including gap-free variance-dependent upper bounds for both deterministic and stochastic sampling strategies, and for the least, they also provide a corresponding lower bound.

Strengths

The paper is well-written in a reader-friendly manner. It contributes a variety of highly non-trivial theoretical results that improve upon the current state-of-the-art, with extensive proofs in the appendix.

Weaknesses

The paper does not provide any empirical evaluation, it would have been interesting to see how the presented algorithms perform empirically against its competitors. But given the theoretical contributions and nature of this paper, this is okay for me. Apart of that I have only the following rather minor issues and typos/suggestions: - Be more precise in the formulation of the lower bound (Thm. 2): In which sense does the inequality hold, in expectation? Also, is policy restricted deterministic policies here? - Some of the notations may be clear for most readers, but should for the sake of completeness still be properly introduced. E.g., $\mathbb{N}^\ast$, $\mathbf{I}$ and which logarithm (base) $\log$ refers to. - In Algo 2, line 3, does it have to be $\leq 2$ instead of $\leq 1$? - 8: yield[s] - 10: $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{T})$ instead of $\sqrt{T}$? - 28: At each round - 108: adaptative - 139: positive semi-definite - 269: $\mathbb{P}(\mathcal{C}^c)$ - 272: sketch of the proof - You oftentimes write $A\bigcap B$ instead of $A\cap B$, why?

Questions

- Do you have a feeling how sensible the regret is w.r.t. the vector $B$? You assume this to be known, but I could imagine that in practice it's oftentimes unknown. - In Table 1, do you know how $C_{1/T}^{opt}$ scales in comparison to $d^2$? That is, do you know that $OLS-UCB-C$ outperforms $ESCB-C$ regarding time complexity? - Both your algorithms have a parameter $\delta > 0$, which is not contained in the upper bounds. Could you say how the behaviour of the regrets are w.r.t. this parameter?

Rating

7

Confidence

2

Soundness

4

Presentation

4

Contribution

4

Limitations

The authors have adequately addressed the limitations of their work.

Program Chairsdecision2024-09-25

Decision

Accept (poster)

© 2026 NYSGPT2525 LLC