Elliptical Attention

Pairwise dot-product self-attention is key to the success of transformers that achieve state-of-the-art performance across a variety of applications in language and vision. This dot-product self-attention computes attention weights among the input tokens using Euclidean distance, which makes the model prone to representation collapse and vulnerable to contaminated samples. In this paper, we propose using a Mahalanobis distance metric for computing the attention weights to stretch the underlying feature space in directions of high contextual relevance. In particular, we define a hyper-ellipsoidal neighborhood around each query to increase the attention weights of the tokens lying in the contextually important directions. We term this novel class of attention Elliptical Attention. Our Elliptical Attention provides two benefits: 1) reducing representation collapse and 2) enhancing the model's robustness as Elliptical Attention pays more attention to contextually relevant information rather than focusing on some small subset of informative features. We empirically demonstrate the advantages of Elliptical Attention over the baseline dot-product attention and state-of-the-art attention methods on various practical tasks, including object classification, image segmentation, and language modeling across different data modalities.

Paper

Similar papers

Peer review

Reviewer 5EPe7/10 · confidence 3/52024-07-10

Summary

This manuscript introduces Elliptical Attention, a new approach employing the Mahalanobis distance metric to calculate attention weights. This method delineates a hyper-ellipsoidal neighborhood around each query, amplifying the attention weights of tokens situated in contextually pivotal directions. When compared with conventional self-attention mechanisms, Elliptical Attention exhibits a reduction in representation collapse and enhances the model's robustness.

Strengths

1. The paper provides a cogent blend of theoretical underpinnings and comprehensive experimental evidence supporting the efficacy of Elliptical Attention. 2. The empirical studies conducted across diverse research benchmarks reveal that Elliptical Attention is on par with or superior to existing attention mechanisms. Notably, it consistently surpasses the baseline standard self-attention when integrated with Transformer and DeiT architectures.

Weaknesses

My primary reservations pertain to the experimental framework, which necessitates a more meticulous comparative analysis. Firstly, as Elliptical Attention is posited as an alternative to traditional attention computations, its juxtaposition with the standard Euclidean distance-based self-attention should be more exhaustive. For instance, within the ImageNet-1K classification task, it would be instructive to present results for both the vanilla Vision Transformer (ViT) and a modified ViT-Elliptical, wherein the standard self-attention is supplanted by Elliptical Attention. Further empirical comparisons between DeiT and DeiT-Elliptical across various model sizes and image resolutions on the ImageNet-1K classification task would substantiate the proposed method's advantages over the conventional self-attention. Secondly, despite assertions in the introduction regarding Elliptical Attention's reduced memory requirements and accelerated computational speed, Figure 4 shows negligible efficiency gains over the original DeiT. I would suggest the authors to furnish detailed results such as memory usage, number of model parameters, FLOPs, and throughputs for a lucid comparison. This can be done using ImageNet. They may also provide a side-by-side assessment of ViT against ViT-Elliptical.

Questions

My question is to show more detailed experimental comparisons with the standard self-attention using different backbones.

Rating

7

Confidence

3

Soundness

3

Presentation

3

Contribution

3

Limitations

The main limitation of this work is the need for a more extensive experimental comparison.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-10

Any Questions from Reviewer 5EPe on Our Rebuttal?

We would like to thank the reviewer again for your thoughtful reviews and valuable feedback. We would appreciate it if you could let us know if our responses have addressed your concerns and whether you still have any other questions about our rebuttal. We would be happy to do any follow-up discussion or address any additional comments.

Reviewer EhBA5/10 · confidence 4/52024-07-11

Summary

The paper proposes a new class of self-attention mechanism for transformers. It uses Mahalanobis distance to form hyper-ellipsoidal attention regions around queries, aiming to improve model robustness and reduce representation collapse. This approach is demonstrated to be effective across various tasks like language modeling, image classification, and segmentation.

Strengths

(1) The shift to hyper-ellipsoidal attention regions is a novel approach that enhances attention mechanism's sensitivity to contextually relevant features and robustness against noise. (2) The paper provides a comprehensive set of experiments demonstrating improvements over traditional transformers in both clean and noisy conditions. (3) It offers a theoretical framework with in-depth discussion and analysis of the proposed mechanism.

Weaknesses

(1) This paper fails to provide detailed setups of experiments, making it challenging to refer to other researchers and developers. (2) The proposed method is unclear for readers. I have not found the exact formulation of elliptical attention. Moreover, it would be helpful to include pseudo codes of core algorithms. (3) The Fig 3 and Fig 4 are in low resolution and would be blurred after zooming in. (4) This paper is not well written, with disconnected organization and many abbreviations. (5) Fig 2 is pretty confusing. What does x1 and x2 mean here? What is the insight of these two subfigures? The authors failed to provide enough explanation of this figure.

Questions

N/A

Rating

5

Confidence

4

Soundness

2

Presentation

2

Contribution

2

Limitations

N/A

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-10

Any Questions from Reviewer EhBA on Our Rebuttal?

We would like to thank the reviewer again for your thoughtful reviews and valuable feedback. We would appreciate it if you could let us know if our responses have addressed your concerns and whether you still have any other questions about our rebuttal. We would be happy to do any follow-up discussion or address any additional comments.

Reviewer EhBA2024-08-10

After Rebuttal

Thank you for the detailed response and revisions from the authors. Points 1, 2, 3, and 5 have been well addressed. Please include the algorithm in the main manuscript to facilitate readers’ understanding of the method. I would like to increase the score to 5.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-10

Thanks for your endorsement!

Thanks for your response, and we appreciate your endorsement. As you suggested, we will include the algorithm for Elliptical Attention in our main manuscript.

Reviewer ySYF7/10 · confidence 4/52024-07-12

Summary

This paper propose a novel attention mechanism, named Elliptical Attention. Elliptical Attention use a Mahalanobis distance metric to stretch the underlying feature space in directions of high contextual relevance. The Elliptical Attention pays more attention to contextually relevant information, rather than focusing on some small subset of informative features. The Elliptical Attention can reduce the representation collapse and enhance the model’s robustness. This method has theoretical support and extensive experimental results on object classification, image segmentation, and language modeling validate its superiority. This is a fundamental research.

Strengths

1. This paper exhibits strong theoretical originality. It uses a Mahalanobis distance metric to calculate the attention weights instead of the traditional pairwise dot-product. The Mahalanobis distance metric can stretch the underlying feature space in directions of high contextual relevance. The proposed method is well-supported theoretically. 2. The experiments are solid, which proves the effectiveness of the Elliptical Attention. It includes object classification, image segmentation, and language modelling across different data modalities. It analyzed the computational efficiency of this method and conducted a comprehensive research process. 3. The motivation and core ideas of the paper are articulated clearly.

Weaknesses

1. The experimental table does not provide the parameter count and FLOPS. The reviewer thinks these comparative data will provide a clearer understanding of the differences in method performance. 2. The state-of-the-art attention methods are not complete enough. There are many improvements to classical attention mechanisms that were not compared in this paper, such as B-Attention in NeurIPS 2022. B-Attention utilizes the relationship between neighbours and improves the weight distribution of the attention mechanism.

Questions

The large language model is very popular now. The reviewer is curious whether this Elliptical Attention mechanism complies with scaling laws. Does the Elliptical Attention have the potential to replace self-attention in LLM?

Rating

7

Confidence

4

Soundness

3

Presentation

3

Contribution

3

Limitations

No.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-10

Any Questions from Reviewer ySYF on Our Rebuttal?

We would like to thank the reviewer again for your thoughtful reviews and valuable feedback. We would appreciate it if you could let us know if our responses have addressed your concerns and whether you still have any other questions about our rebuttal. We would be happy to do any follow-up discussion or address any additional comments.

Reviewer 5EPe2024-08-12

Thanks for providing more detailed experimental comparisons in the response. My concerns are well addressed. I thus keep the accept rating.

Program Chairsdecision2024-09-25

Decision

Accept (poster)

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