Motion Graph Unleashed: A Novel Approach to Video Prediction

We introduce motion graph, a novel approach to the video prediction problem, which predicts future video frames from limited past data. The motion graph transforms patches of video frames into interconnected graph nodes, to comprehensively describe the spatial-temporal relationships among them. This representation overcomes the limitations of existing motion representations such as image differences, optical flow, and motion matrix that either fall short in capturing complex motion patterns or suffer from excessive memory consumption. We further present a video prediction pipeline empowered by motion graph, exhibiting substantial performance improvements and cost reductions. Experiments on various datasets, including UCF Sports, KITTI and Cityscapes, highlight the strong representative ability of motion graph. Especially on UCF Sports, our method matches and outperforms the SOTA methods with a significant reduction in model size by 78% and a substantial decrease in GPU memory utilization by 47%.

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Peer review

Reviewer V8rg5/10 · confidence 4/52024-07-02

Summary

The paper proposes the motion graph method in predicting the video frames by exploring the spatio-temporal relations among frames from the limited data.

Strengths

It is significant to propose methods of few-shot prediction techniques in video inputs.

Weaknesses

Please provide more details about the setup of the datasets such as KITTI and Cityscapes that are not originally used for testing video prediction. The results on Cityscapes and KITTI datasets based on LPIPS, SSIM, PSNR are needed to be explained in detail in the evaluation methods either in the main text or Appendix.

Questions

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Rating

5

Confidence

4

Soundness

3

Presentation

4

Contribution

2

Limitations

The authors address the limitations briefly.

Reviewer Vf8f7/10 · confidence 3/52024-07-09

Summary

The paper introduces a graph-based methods to predict video frames through motion prediction. The proposed motion graph captures complex spatial-temporal relationships by transforming video frame patches into interconnected graph nodes. This method improves performance and reduces computational costs compared to SOTA methods on UCF Sports, KITTI and Cityscapes.

Strengths

1. The paper introduces a novel motion graph representation, combining graph theory with video prediction to overcome existing limitations. 2. It has comprehensive evaluations across multiple datasets and achieve superior performance than prior methods. 3. The manuscript is well organized and has detailed experimental results.

Weaknesses

1. Slower inference speed compared to optimized methods like DMVFN. 2. Struggles with predicting abrupt or unpredictable motions. 3. Unclear if the motion graph captures hierarchical / semantic feature of motions. 4. Does not address the stochastic nature of human videos. 5. Limited diversity in evaluation datasets, focusing mainly on sports and driving scenarios.

Questions

1. Do the authors see a future where such work might be useful for improving video generative models? 2. Can the authors explain what the weight components are for? It seems that the dynamic vectors can represent motion even without the weighted component. If it does represent something meaningful, can the authors show what they represent after training? For example, might it correspond to the change in depth? 3. How does the motion graph approach compare to recent transformer-based video prediction methods in terms of performance and efficiency? 4. How sensitive is the method to the choices made in graph construction (e.g., number of neighbors, edge types)? 5. How does the motion graph approach scale with longer video sequences? Is there a practical limit to the number of frames it can handle efficiently?

Rating

7

Confidence

3

Soundness

3

Presentation

4

Contribution

3

Limitations

The authors briefly mention limitations regarding inference speed and handling sudden motions. However, they could provide a more comprehensive discussion of potential limitations, such as scalability to longer videos or generalization to diverse video types.

Reviewer Mw8x7/10 · confidence 4/52024-07-13

Summary

This paper proposes a motion-based method for video prediction. They design a new motion representation named motion graph that transforms patches of video frames into interconnected graph nodes. The proposed video prediction pipeline, empowered by the motion graph, exhibits substantial performance improvements and cost reductions. Experiments on UCF Sports, KITTI, and Cityscapes are conducted.

Strengths

+ Motion-based video prediction is quite an interesting topic and benefits the research community with an affordable training cost. + The evaluation of both efficiency and effectiveness is conducted. + The paper is well-structured.

Weaknesses

- Motivation and Occlusion / Out-of-View cases. As the authors claimed in lines 33-37 and Figure 1, existing methods struggle to effectively handle occlusion cases. However, the paper does not provide a corresponding evaluation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed motion graph in complex situations involving occlusion or out-of-view scenarios. This is a significant omission, as these challenges are prevalent in real-world video prediction tasks. Furthermore, based on my understanding of the work, the proposed motion graph may not adequately address these problems. Specifically, occluded and out-of-view object/background do not appear to be considered in the graph, as the connections and features captured in the motion graph are derived from the visible parts of the targets. This raises concerns about the method's ability to maintain accurate predictions when dealing with occlusions or objects moving out of the camera's field of view. The authors should provide a thorough discussion that includes both the theoretical principles and empirical evidence. - Video prediction evaluation setting. While the proposed motion graph method shows promising results in predicting a few frames (up to 10), the paper lacks an evaluation of its performance in predicting a larger number of frames. Other video prediction works [A, B, C] have evaluated their methods on longer prediction horizons, providing a more comprehensive assessment of their models' robustness and accuracy. [A] ExtDM: Distribution Extrapolation Diffusion Model for Video Prediction, CVPR24 [B] Efficient Video Prediction via Sparsely Conditioned Flow Matching, ICCV23 [C] MCVD: Masked Conditional Video Diffusion for Prediction, Generation, and Interpolation, NeurIPS22 - Comparison with MMVP. The proposed motion graph method appears to be quite similar to the motion matrix used in MMVP, which also provides a dense connection among frames. Although I appreciate the discussion provided in the related work, the authors do not sufficiently clarify the differences and advantages of the proposed method compared to MMVP. This lack of distinction makes it difficult to understand the unique contributions and potential improvements offered by the motion graph. - Comparison with other motion-cues-guided video prediction methods. The paper lacks a comparison with other motion-cues-guided video prediction methods, such as MotionRNN, which also leverages a vector-based motion representation. The authors should explain how the feature warping mechanism in MotionRNN compares to the feature processing in the motion graph. What are the potential benefits or drawbacks of each approach? Are there specific scenarios where the motion graph's approach to feature handling provides a clear advantage? - Lack of a component-wise ablation. The reviewer noticed that there is no component-wise ablation study for motion feature learning, upsampling, decoding, image wrapping, and interaction modules. It makes it difficult for the audience to identify which parts of the methodology are effective and contribute most to the overall performance. The authors should conduct a thorough ablation study that isolates and evaluates the impact of each component of their proposed method. - Complexity of the proposed method and presentation. Actually, the proposed method is somehow non-trivial, making this work hard to follow. Accurate presentation can make the work easier to understand.

Questions

See weakness

Rating

7

Confidence

4

Soundness

4

Presentation

2

Contribution

4

Limitations

The authors indicate limitations in the conclusion section.

Reviewer gkX25/10 · confidence 2/52024-07-13

Summary

The authors propose a Motion Graph for predicting future video pixels. To achieve this, they introduce three modules: 1. Motion Graph Node Construction; 2. Edge Construction; 3. Graph Interaction Module; 4. Video Prediction Model. The first three modules encode patches and their interactions in a frame, while the fourth module decodes future frame pixels. Experiments on UCF Sport, KITTI, and CityScape demonstrate the method's high efficiency and construction quality.

Strengths

1. The author propose to predict future pixels from motion graph perspective, to achieve this, they propose motion graph constuction and graph decoding modules. 2. The method demonstrate high computation efficieny and good reconstruction quality on few video benchmarks.

Weaknesses

1. It's better to present an overview figure for the framework. It's not easy to grasp the overall structure by reading about the four separate modules. 2. Figures 2-4 have fonts that are too small, making them hard to read.

Questions

1. Which backbone are used to extract features during motion graph construction. Does the method robust to different backbones? 2. Does the prediction quality decrease with respect to resolutions? is it possible to analyze prediction quality with large resoultion settings.

Rating

5

Confidence

2

Soundness

3

Presentation

2

Contribution

3

Limitations

The authors discuss and partially address the limitations of the paper.

Reviewer V8rg2024-08-08

I have read the rebuttal of the authors. I have seen the authors' main point on generating their literature from the previous work using KITTI and Cityscapes datasets for video prediction. I appreciate the effort put into this and hope that further researchers can benefit from that literature in the future and the related works multiply based on video prediction. As I tend to accept this work now, I hope to see the evaluation methods of LPIPS, SSIM, and PSNR on Cityscapes and KITTI datasets in the appendix in your revised version of the manuscript.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-08

Thank you for the valuable suggestion. We recognize that few existing studies report PSNR and SSIM metrics for evaluations on the KITTI and Cityscapes datasets. To support future research in the video prediction community, we will add a new table and discussion to Appendix A.3, detailing these metrics for our method. Additionally, we will compile and compare available results from other methods. We also plan to release the result images from these two datasets to enable more convenient quantitative and qualitative comparisons for future researchers.

Reviewer Mw8x2024-08-13

Official Comment by Reviewer Mw8x

Thanks for the rebuttal. Most of my concerns are addressed. I'd like to see the discussions about occlusions, long-term VP, and other related methods in the revised version.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-13

We deeply appreciate your suggestions and will incorporate a discussion on occlusion, long-term video prediction, and comparisons with other methods into the revised manuscript.

Program Chairsdecision2024-09-25

Decision

Accept (poster)

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