Multi-Task Lifelong Reinforcement Learning for Wireless Sensor Networks

Enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in dynamic and unpredictable environments requires adaptive communication and energy harvesting (EH) strategies. We propose a novel adaptive control strategy for WSNs that optimizes data transmission and EH to minimize overall energy consumption while ensuring queue stability and energy storing constraints under dynamic environmental conditions. The notion of adaptability therein is achieved by transferring the known environment-specific knowledge to new conditions resorting to the lifelong reinforcement learning (L2RL) concepts. We evaluate our proposed method against two baseline frameworks: Lyapunov-based optimization, and policy-gradient reinforcement learning (RL). Simulation results demonstrate that our approach rapidly adapts to changing environmental conditions by leveraging transferable knowledge, achieving near-optimal performance approximately 30% faster than the RL method and 60% faster than the Lyapunov-based approach.