Provable Defense Framework for LLM Jailbreaks via Noise-Augumented Alignment

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to adaptive jailbreaks that easily bypass empirical defenses like GCG. We propose a framework for certifiable robustness that shifts safety guarantees from single-pass inference to the statistical stability of an ensemble. We introduce Certified Semantic Smoothing (CSS) via Stratified Randomized Ablation, a technique that partitions inputs into immutable structural prompts and mutable payloads to derive rigorous lo norm guarantees using the Hypergeometric distribution. To resolve performance degradation on sparse contexts, we employ Noise-Augmented Alignment Tuning (NAAT), which transforms the base model into a semantic denoiser. Extensive experiments on Llama-3 show that our method reduces the Attack Success Rate of gradient-based attacks from 84.2% to 1.2% while maintaining 94.1% benign utility, significantly outperforming character-level baselines which degrade utility to 74.3%. This framework provides a deterministic certificate of safety, ensuring that a model remains robust against all adversarial variants within a provable radius.

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References (12)

072025. SmoothLLM: Defending large language models against jail-breaking attacksTMLR
082023. AutoDAN: Generating Stealthy Jailbreak Prompts on Aligned Large Language ModelsICLR
092025. Sparse Repre-sentations Improve Adversarial Robustness of Neural Network ClassifiersarXiv preprint
10Algorithm 1: Certified Semantic Smoothing Inference
112024. Jailbreakbench: An open robustness benchmark for jailbreaking large language modelsAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems
122024. Jailbreak attacks and defenses against large language models: A surveyarXiv preprint

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