Unmasking Hallucinations: A Causal Graph-Attention Perspective on Factual Reliability in Large Language Models

This paper primarily focuses on the hallucinations caused due to AI language models(LLMs).LLMs have shown extraordinary Language understanding and generation capabilities .Still it has major a disadvantage-hallucinations which give outputs which are factually incorrect ,misleading or unsupported by input data . These hallucinations cause serious problems in scenarios like medical diagnosis or legal reasoning. Through this work, we propose causal graph attention network (G-CAN) framework that reduces hallucinations through interpretation of internal attention flow within a transformer architecture with the help of constructing token level graphs that combine self-attention weights and gradient-based influence scores. our method quantifies each token’s factual dependency using a new metric called the Causal Contribution Score (CCS). We further introduce a fact-anchored graph re-weighting layer that dynamically reduces the influence of hallucination-prone nodes during generation. Experiments on standard benchmarks such as TruthfulQA and HotpotQA show a 27.8% reduction in hallucination rate and 16.4% improvement in factual accuracy over baseline retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) models. This work contributes to the interpretability, robustness, and factual reliability of future LLM architectures.