The Privacy Subsidy: Kyle's $λ$ under Noise-Perturbed Order-Flow Observation

Privacy-preserving cryptocurrency exchanges alter what the pricing mechanism observes about order flow. We derive the unique linear Kyle equilibrium when a committed Bayesian market maker observes order flow perturbed by independent Gaussian privacy noise. The price-impact coefficient and informed-trader strategy rescale by reciprocal factors of the privacy parameter (one down, one up), so their product is invariant. A welfare decomposition then identifies a closed-form per-period transfer from the protocol's LP pool to traders -- the"privacy subsidy", the break-even fee any privacy-aggregated exchange must charge. The result is the single-period closed-form privacy-noise analog of Loss-Versus-Rebalancing (Milionis et al. 2022). The primary application is shielded AMMs with explicit additive-noise injection (e.g., differential privacy); related designs (batched swaps, sealed-bid auctions, oracle-pegged crossings) require separate frameworks that we leave to future work.

Paper

Similar papers

© 2026 NYSGPT2525 LLC