Increases penalties for financial crimes involving artificial intelligence (AI), such as mail, wire, and bank fraud, by amending relevant sections of title 18, United States Code. Raises fines for mail and wire fraud committed with AI to up to $1,000,000 and imprisonment to 20 years. Sets fines for bank fraud with AI involvement at up to $2,000,000 and imprisonment for 30 years. Defines AI as per the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020. Increases penalties for money laundering involving AI, including fines up to $1,000,000 or thrice the transaction value and imprisonment for 20 years. Amends impersonation of federal officials using AI, imposing fines up to $1,000,000 and imprisonment of 3 years. Clarifies permissible uses of AI in satire or parody if clearly disclosed as non-authentic.
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HR 6306 AI Fraud Deterrence Act 2025
ETO AGORA · U.S. federal laws · 2025
Summary
Increases penalties for financial crimes involving artificial intelligence (AI), such as mail, wire, and bank fraud, by amending relevant sections of title 18, United States Code.
Raises fines for mail and wire fraud committed with AI to up to $1,000,000 and imprisonment to 20 years.
Sets fines for bank fraud with AI involvement at up to $2,000,000 and imprisonment for 30 years.
Defines AI as per the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020.
Increases penalties for money laundering involving AI, including fines up to $1,000,000 or thrice the transaction value and imprisonment for 20 years.
Amends impersonation of federal officials using AI, imposing fines up to $1,000,000 and imprisonment of 3 years.
Clarifies permissible uses of AI in satire or parody if clearly disclosed as non-authentic.
Proposes increased penalties for financial crimes committed using artificial intelligence.
A BILL
To increase penalties for the commission of financial crimes using artificial intelligence.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``AI Fraud Deterrence Act''.
Finds that AI is being used to impersonate U.S. officials and obtain sensitive information.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) Scammers are using AI to impersonate senior U.S. government officials.
(2) In May 2025, hackers breached the personal cellphone of White House Chief of Staff Susie Wiles and used AI to impersonate her voice in calls and messages to senators, governors, business leaders, and other high-level contacts.
(3) In July 2025, AI was used to impersonate Secretary of State Marco Rubio's voice in calls to three foreign ministers, a Member of Congress, and a Governor, with the apparent aim of obtaining sensitive information and access to accounts.
Amends penalties for mail and wire fraud involving AI to include fines up to $1,000,000 and imprisonment.
SEC. 3. FINANCIAL CRIMES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
(a) Mail Fraud.--Section 1341 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by striking ``$1,000,000'' and inserting ``$2,000,000''; and
(2) by inserting after the period at the end the following: ``If the violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.''.
(b) Wire Fraud.--Section 1343 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by striking ``$1,000,000'' and inserting ``$2,000,000''; and
(2) by inserting after the period at the end the following: ``If the violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.''.
Defines using AI in bank fraud as punishable by fines up to $2,000,000 or imprisonment.
(c) Bank Fraud.--Section 1344 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by striking ``Whoever knowingly'' and inserting the following:
``(a) In General.--Whoever knowingly''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
``(b) Artificial Intelligence.--Whoever commits subsection (a) with the assistance of artificial intelligence shall be fined not more than $2,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.''.
(d) Artificial Intelligence Defined.--
(1) In general.--Section 1346 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(A) by amending the section heading to read as follows: ``Definitions'';
(B) by striking ``chapter, the term'' and inserting the following: ``chapter--
``(1) the term'';
(C) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(2) the term `artificial intelligence' has the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020.''.
(2) Clerical amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 1346 and inserting the following:
Amends penalties for money laundering involving AI assistance, setting fines up to $1,000,000 or imprisonment.
``1346. Definitions.''.
(e) Money Laundering.--Section 1956 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in the continuation text following paragraph (1)(B)(ii), by inserting after ``or both'' the following: ``, or, in the case that such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or thrice the value of the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transaction, whichever is greater, or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both'';
(B) in the continuation text following paragraph (2)(B)(ii), by inserting after ``or both'' the following: ``, or, in the case that such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or thrice the value of the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transportation, transmission, or transfer, whichever is greater, or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both''; and
(C) in the continuation text following paragraph (3)(C), by inserting after ``or both'' the following: ``, or, in the case that such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both''; and
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'' at the end;
(B) in paragraph (9), by striking the period and inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(10) the term `artificial intelligence' has the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020.''.
Amends Section 912 to penalize AI-assisted impersonation of federal officials, exempting protected expressive conduct.
SEC. 4. AI IMPERSONATION OF FEDERAL OFFICIALS.
Section 912 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by inserting after the period at the end the following: ``If the violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 3 years, or both.'';
(2) by striking ``Whoever'' and inserting the following:
``(a) In General.--Whoever'';
(3) by inserting after ``falsely assumes or pretends to be an officer or employee'' the following: ``, including with the use of artificial intelligence,''; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
``(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit legitimate uses of artificial intelligence in satire, parody, or expressive conduct protected under the First Amendment, provided such content includes clear disclosure that it is not authentic and is not intended as such.
``(c) Definition.--In this section, the term `artificial intelligence' has the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020.''.