Human-in-the-Loop and Participatory Approaches to Trustworthy AI

This chapter examines Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) and participatory approaches for trustworthy AI, emphasizing human oversight, stakeholder engagement, and ethical alignment across the AI lifecycle. It discusses implementation challenges, best practices, and case studies, highlighting iterative feedback loops that enhance accuracy, transparency, and legitimacy. Future directions focus on scalable HITL, inclusive governance, interdisciplinary collaboration, and adaptive policies to ensure socially responsible AI.