Ethics and governance in artificial intelligence: A review of responsible AI practices

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming an important part of modern society and is widely used in areas such as healthcare, finance, transportation, education, and government services. AI systems can analyze large amounts of data, detect patterns, and make predictions that support faster and more efficient decision-making. While AI offers many benefits, it also raises several ethical concerns. Problems such as algorithmic bias, privacy violations, and lack of transparency in decision-making and unclear accountability have become major challenges for researchers and policymakers.Responsible AI focuses on developing and using AI technologies in a way that follows ethical principles and respects human values. It promotes fairness, transparency, accountability, and data privacy throughout the entire lifecycle of AI systems, including data collection, model development, deployment, and monitoring. This paper presents a review of major ethical challenges in AI and analyzes different responsible AI practices proposed in recent research. As a technical contribution, the study proposes a Responsible AI Governance Framework that integrates three important components: bias detection mechanisms, explainable AI techniques, and continuous monitoring of AI models. The framework helps identify potential bias in datasets, improve the transparency of AI decisions using explain-ability methods, and monitor model performance over time to ensure ethical compliance. The proposed paper also discusses the role of regulatory policies, institutional governance, and technical safeguards in building trustworthy AI systems. By combining ethical guidelines with practical technical solutions, this study provides insights into how organizations can develop AI systems that are reliable, transparent, and socially responsible. The proposed framework can help researchers and organizations adopt responsible AI practices and ensure that AI technologies are used in a safe and beneficial manner.