The Multilingual Evaluation Paradox: Ramoju Potential Across Languages, Scripts, and 2.37 Billion Speakers

Technical Report XARL-2026-06. We evaluate Llama-3-8B-Instruct on the Multilingual GSM8K (MGSM) benchmark across seven languages covering 2.37 billion native speakers and find that every non-English language exhibits higher Ramoju Potential than English without exception. We introduce the Multilingual Suppression Index (MSI), finding Chinese reaches MSI=2.87x — meaning 1.4 billion Chinese speakers face an evaluation gap nearly three times larger than English speakers. We identify three instruction-response patterns: instruction-hurt (English), instruction-positive (Chinese, Japanese, Bengali, Swahili, Telugu), and instruction-amplifying (Russian). We establish the Multilingual Evaluation Paradox: format suppression scales inversely with language resource richness, compounding linguistic inequality in AI evaluation. Sixth in the XARL evaluation series.