Artificial Intelligence White Paper

This white paper examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in homeland security, particularly concerning chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats, critical infrastructure protection, and industrial control systems (ICS). It analyzes current AI applications in anomaly detection, cyber defense, biosurveillance, environmental monitoring, and predictive maintenance. The paper evaluates the operational benefits of AI, including enhanced situational awareness and resource optimization, while addressing risks such as adversarial machine learning and governance challenges. It concludes by assessing future developments in AI-enabled homeland security capabilities, emphasizing the need for secure-by-design implementation, human oversight, and effective risk management.