The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the landscape of teacher education. This article systematically reviews research published between 2015 and 2025 on the application of AI in pre-service and in-service teacher training programs. It analyzes the types of AI applications, their effectiveness, implementation challenges, and best practices. The review finds that AI is used in intelligent feedback systems, adaptive learning platforms, generative AI for lesson planning, and virtual simulations. AI significantly improves teachers’ instructional design skills, technology integration abilities, reflective practices, and AI literacy. However, challenges such as low teacher motivation, training content disconnected from real classrooms, and ethical and privacy concerns remain prominent. Effective AI teacher training should be teacher-centered, hands-on, ethics-oriented, and deeply integrated with authentic teaching contexts. This article provides evidence-based recommendations for educational institutions and policymakers to build sustainable and effective AI-enhanced teacher training systems.
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