Future of Transportation Safety: Emerging Technologies, Challenges, And Opportunities

The rapid advancements in intelligent mobility, linked cars, and autonomous transportation systems have elevated transportation safety to the forefront of research priorities. When it comes to monitoring, decision-making, and road safety, traditional transport is being utterly transformed by technologies like AI, ML, the Internet of Things (IoT), V2X communications, edge computing, and autonomous cars. The present review provides an extensive overview of the key concepts of transportation safety, such as VRUs, camera-based perception, AI detection and recognition, tracking and trajectory prediction techniques. In addition, the state-of-the-art in the areas of IoT enabled transportation systems, intelligent vehicles and V2X communication frameworks is discussed to explore how these innovations enable cooperative and connected mobility. Besides that, the main challenges faced by the autonomous vehicles, especially safety and reliability issues, legal and moral concerns, infrastructure issues and human-machine interaction are considered. Moreover, the recent literature in the area of emerging transportation technologies is reviewed in order to examine the most recent trends, advancements and open problems. This analysis demonstrates how critical it is to build a trustworthy transportation ecosystem by integrating intelligent communication networks, artificial intelligence (AI), and edge computing.