Machine Learning Classification Using Markov Modeling

Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture, including computer program products, are provided for classification systems and methods using modeling. In some example embodiments, there is provided a system that includes at least one processor and at least one memory including program code which when executed by the at least one memory provides operations. The operations can include generating a representation of a sequence of sections of a file and/or determining, from a model including conditional probabilities, a probability for each transition between at least two sequential sections in the representation. The operations can further include classifying the file based on the probabilities for each transition.