Using Battery State Excitation To Model And Control Battery Operations

Techniques are described for implementing automated control systems to control operations of target physical systems including batteries, such as based at least in part on models of the batteries' dynamic behaviors that are generated by gathering and analyzing information about the batteries' operations under varying conditions. The techniques may include, for each of multiple charge levels of a battery and for each of multiple resistive loads, injecting multi-frequency microvolt pulses into the battery, and using sensors to collect time changes of the responses to these pulses. Information about the inputs and the responses is then analyzed and used to generate an incremental parametric state model representing the internal dynamics of the battery, which is further used to control additional ongoing battery operations (e.g., to control whether and how much power is supplied to and/or extracted from the battery in a current or future time period).