ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER CIRCUITRY HAVING A CASCADE

An analog to digital converter and/or related systems which in some aspects may contain but are not limited to: at least one cascade of N gain elements operably couplable with analog circuitry, and a gain element of the at least one cascade having a gain larger than one by an amount such that a noise factor of said at least one cascade operating on a predetermined operable signal at an input of said at least one cascade is substantially minimized.