BROWSER ELEMENTS FOR COMMUNICATING WITH OTHER BROWSER ELEMENTS AND WITH EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS

Techniques for configuring direct communicating between browser elements running in a browser and for direct communication between a browser element and an external application are described. Browser elements communicate with each other by referencing unique identifiers associated with the browser elements. External applications communicate directly with browser elements by referencing unique identifiers associated with the browser elements.Browser elements are configurable as web services and communicate using various communication architectures and protocols. Application programming interfaces associated with browser elements configured as web services are accessible to web browsers through web scripting modules.