ROBUST WRAPPERS FOR WEB EXTRACTION

A computer-implemented method to determine a robust wrapper includes developing a model indicative of the temporal history of a document, such as a web document written in a markup language. Based on the developed model, robustness characteristics are determined for a plurality of different wrappers representing associated paths to the data item in a representation of the document. Based on a result of the determining operation, a result wrapper of the plurality of wrappers is provided. The result wrapper has a desired robustness characteristic.