METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR DETECTION OF POSITIONAL FREEDOM OF PARTICLES IN BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES AND APPLICATIONS IN IMMUNODIAGNOSTICS

The present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for the detection of positional freedom of particles used in biological, biochemical, physical, biophysical, and chemical analyses. In particular, the present invention relates to methods and apparatuses which can detect and characterize a population of particles/cells based upon their detected mobility. In one embodiment consistent with the invention, detection of certain cells is based on differences detected in populations of cells that bind to a substrate and those that exhibit weaker binding forces. Initially, cells are settled on the substrate, and in the presence of gravitational, natural thermodynamic pressure fluctuations, and other random or applied forces, some of the particles may exhibit translational movement. Particle movement is detected, and measurements are computed, according to the methods and apparatuses of the present invention, to determine the binding of specific analytes.