How NeRFs and 3D Gaussian Splatting are Reshaping SLAM: a Survey

Over the past two decades, research in the field of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) has undergone a significant evolution, highlighting its critical role in enabling autonomous exploration of unknown environments. This evolution ranges from handcrafted methods, through the era of deep learning, to more recent developments focused on neural radiance fields and 3-D Gaussian Splatting representations. Recognizing the growing body of research and the absence of a comprehensive survey on the topic, this article aims to provide the first comprehensive overview of SLAM progress through the lens of the latest advancements in radiance fields. It sheds light on the background, evolutionary path, inherent strengths, and limitations and serves as a fundamental reference to highlight the dynamic progress and specific challenges.