Intrinsic Robustness of Prophet Inequality to Strategic Reward Signaling

Prophet inequality concerns a basic optimal stopping problem and states that simple threshold stopping policies -- i.e., accepting the first reward larger than a certain threshold -- can achieve tight $\frac{1}{2}$-approximation to the optimal prophet value. Motivated by its economic applications, this paper studies the robustness of this approximation to natural strategic manipulations in which each random reward is associated with a self-interested player who may selectively reveal his realized reward to the searcher in order to maximize his probability of being selected. We say a threshold policy is $\alpha$(-strategically)-robust if it (a) achieves the $\alpha$-approximation to the prophet value for strategic players; and (b) meanwhile remains a $\frac{1}{2}$-approximation in the standard non-strategic setting. Starting with a characterization of each player's optimal information revealing strategy, we demonstrate the intrinsic robustness of prophet inequalities to strategic reward signaling through the following results: (1) for arbitrary reward distributions, there is a threshold policy that is $\frac{1-\frac{1}{e}}{2}$-robust, and this ratio is tight; (2) for i.i.d. reward distributions, there is a threshold policy that is $\frac{1}{2}$-robust, which is tight for the setting; and (3) for log-concave (but non-identical) reward distributions, the $\frac{1}{2}$-robustness can also be achieved under certain regularity assumptions.

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Peer review

Reviewer BRGn7/10 · confidence 3/52024-07-09

Summary

This paper studies the robustness of threshold algorithms when involving strategic manipulations in the classic prophet inequality problem. Specifically, the paper considers the scenario when each random reward of $N$ variables is associated with a strategic player, who can commit to a signaling scheme before the search, and the searcher can only see the signal rather than the actual reward during the whole search. Each player wants to maximize the probability of being chosen by the searcher and, thus, would optimally choose the signaling scheme against the searcher's thresholding algorithm. The authors first characterize any player's optimal scheme, which has a quite simple form. Based on the result, the authors show that threshold $T_\mathsf{KW}$ is a $(1 - 1/e)/2$-approximation in this setting and is tight. For i.i.d. distributions, $T^*$ gives a $1/2$-approximation, and is tight. For log-concave distributions, a spectrum of thresholds also gives a $1/2$-approximation.

Strengths

Personally, I like the idea of involving incentives in the classic online decision-making problems, and this work successfully gives such a trial. This work is well-motivated in the real-world scenarios for the prophet inequality problem, where the searched agents have incentives to manipulate their true rewards by giving signals. Consequently, this paper transfers the decision-making problem into a game. Also, thresholding algorithms are concise and known to be optimal for the original problem, and it is interesting to see that they can also work well with strategic players under the result that the SPE for these players is also concise. I like this paper's motivation and results, and they can be set as a basis for future work.

Weaknesses

This paper leaves some major problems unanswered. For example, can the authors provide some preliminary thoughts if we only require a $\beta < 1/2$ approximation in the original world and search for the Pareto frontier of $(\alpha, \beta)$? That being said, I think the authors have already provided enough.

Questions

Please see the weaknesses above.

Rating

7

Confidence

3

Soundness

3

Presentation

4

Contribution

3

Limitations

The authors have addressed the limitations of their work.

Reviewer 12426/10 · confidence 3/52024-07-10

Summary

The paper studies a variant of the classical prophet inequalities problem, where "boxes" are now strategic agents who can pool their realized value into bins and only reveal to the decision maker which bin it falls into. The expected value in that bin then plays the role of the realized value. The authors study best-of-both-worlds threshold policies, which (1) achieve the tight 1/2 approximation ratio in the non-strategic setting, and (2) achieves a ratio of alpha in the strategic model. The main results are (conditional) optimal policies in the general setting, the IID setting, and the log-concave priors setting.

Strengths

The model appears novel and sensible, and the results are relatively complete. It is nice to see best-of-both-worlds guarantees are possible in this model, which wasn't clear to me before the fact.

Weaknesses

Parts of the model can be better justified (see detailed comments). I'd also appreciate the results better if there were unconditional / tighter impossibility results.

Questions

(also including detailed comments) Line 70, threshold policies: is this without loss of generality? Timeline paragraph: I feel this is a bit ambiguous. In particular, since the searcher has first-order commitment power, essentially the model assumes the searcher only commits to policies that put a threshold on the posterior expected value (otherwise the searcher would do something like "if you don't reveal the full information, you are out" and we are back in the classical model). I feel this part of the model could be better motivated. Characterization of players' response: this is reminiscent of the response of value maximizing players in [19], which has a very similar structure. I wonder if a formal connection can be made between the two models. Remark 4.1: there is an upper bound (i.e., impossibility result) strictly smaller than 0.5 in [19], which might imply the impossibility of 1/2-robustness in your model, given the intuitive connection between the two models. This would make your results a bit more complete. Around line 368, dynamic threshold: I think you can get 1/2-approximation in the strategic setting? Take any 1/2-approximation policy in the non-strategic setting. Construct a new policy such that each player's response cutoff under the new policy is the same as the threshold of the old policy. Then you can couple the two policies in the two worlds and argue they have exactly the same performance?

Rating

6

Confidence

3

Soundness

4

Presentation

3

Contribution

3

Limitations

No concerns.

Reviewer vri46/10 · confidence 3/52024-07-11

Summary

The paper studies a variant of the prophet inequality modeled as a game between the reward holders (Players $1, \ldots, n$) and the searcher. In this model, each reward $X_i$ is sampled from a distribution $H_i$ that is known to the searcher. However, each player $i$ can choose not to reveal $X_i$, and instead only reveal a signal $\Phi(X_i)$ that provides partial information about $X_i$. The objective of each player $i$ is to maximize the probability of being selected by the searcher. On the other hand, the searcher's goal is to maximize the expected value that it selects, while maintaining a competitive ratio of $1/2$ in the case where all players fully reveal their prices, i.e. in the standard prophet inequality. The authors first characterize the optimal information-revealing strategy for the players, then present an algorithm that achieves a competitive ratio of $(1-1/e)/2$ in this strategic setting and $1/2$ in the standard setting. They also prove that this competitive ratio is the best possible. Finally, they give improved competitive ratios in the strategic setting with IID and with Log-concave Heterogeneous Distributions, also maintaining a competitive ratio of $1/2$ in the standard prophet inequality.

Strengths

* The setting is motivated * The paper is well-written and presents a good balance between technical proofs and high level intuitions * The paper presents some interesting results.

Weaknesses

* The optimal revealing strategy is only characterized when the searcher follows a threshold policy * The proposed algorithm is only optimal among threshold policies with thresholds in the spectrum given in Definition 2.2, and not among all possible algorithms. * The paper requires the algorithms to maintain a competitive ratio of $1/2$ if all the players reveal their reward values. While this is a perfectly reasonable assumption in the general setting, it makes much less sense in the case of IID rewards. The optimal competitive ratio in the prophet inequality with IID random variables is $0.745...$. Even if we restrict ourselves to threshold policies, the optimal competitive ratio is $1-1/e$. The reasonable constraint in the IID case would then be that the algorithm maintains a competitive ratio of $1-1/e$ if all the players reveal their rewards. * The problem assumes that the searcher does not observe the values $(X_i)_i$ but only signals $(\Phi(X_i))_i$. The threshold policy should then be defined as selecting the first reward $X_i$ such that $(\Phi(X_i) \geq T)$ and not $(X_i \geq T)$. Minor weaknesses: * Line 138: be more precise in the definition of the competitive ratio: it is the largest constant $\alpha$ satisfying $E[X^{(q)}] \geq \alpha \text{OPT}$ * Maybe Definition 2.2 should be a Lemma or Proposition instead * Remark 3.1 should mention that Proposition A.1 also addresses the case where $X_i < T$ almost surely, not only the case of distributions with point masses, otherwise $t_i$ does not look well-defined.

Questions

* See weaknesses * The game timeline (line 170) is confusing to me: the searcher selects a threshold without knowing the types of signals they will observe, and then the players select revealing schemes. How does the searcher choose its stopping strategy without even knowing the type of information they will observe, which can be for example binary ($\Phi(X_i) = (X_i > a)$), negative $\Phi(X_i) = -X_i$, constant $\Phi(X_i) = 1)$, or others ?

Rating

6

Confidence

3

Soundness

3

Presentation

3

Contribution

2

Limitations

The assumptions for all the are clearly stated for all the claims made in the paper.

Reviewer vri42024-08-07

I thank the authors for their response. * **Clarification of the searcher’s stopping policy.** I thank them for the clarification. * **Benchmarking within the threshold stopping policies** I agree that studying algorithms with adaptive thresholds is highly challenging. However, in many variants of prophet inequalities, when the observation order is fixed, as in the current paper, static threshold policies are enough to achieve an optimal competitive ratio. I am curious to know if this is the case also in the current problem or if adaptive thresholds can yield better competitive ratios. My question is not about studying general threshold policies, but instead on proving the optimality, or not, of the proposed static threshold policy among all algorithms, or at least among all algorithms with static thresholds (beyond the limited spectrum of Definition 2.2). * **1-1/e competitive ratio for iid case** The competitive ratio of $1-1/e$ in the iid case is achieved by a simple static threshold algorithm, which does not seem to require a random tie-breaking rule, see the proof of Theorem 3.1 in https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.05519. I still believe that in the iid case, it makes much more sense to require a competitive ratio of 1-1/e in the non-strategic setting instead of 1/2. The authors' response addressed some of my concerns, though not all. However, in light of the other reviews and all the authors' responses, I have slightly raised my score to lean towards acceptance.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-11

Response to Reviewer's Comments

We sincerely thank the reviewer for engaging in our discussions, and thanks for the insightful comments. We believe the following responses should help to address most of the reviewer’s concerns raised in Item 2 and 3 of the follow-up. **Benchmarking within the threshold stopping policies**: We agree with the reviewer that understanding optimality of our threshold policy compared to best **dynamic policy** is a very interesting future direction. Our current paper did not study this question. However, when compared with optimal **static threshold** (not necessarily within the $1/2$-approximation threshold spectrum as in Definition 2.2), our $1/2$-robustness in Theorem 5.1 for IID case is indeed optimal. This is shown by our Proposition 5.2. (please also refer to its refined proof in our additional response to the Reviewer **mXL5**). It constructs examples to show that, even in IID case, **any** static threshold (not necessarily within Def 2.2’s spectrum) achieving at least $1/2$-competitive ratio for non-strategic setting cannot be $(1/2+\epsilon)$-robust for any $\epsilon > 0$. **1-1/e competitive ratio for i.i.d. case**: 1. The referred paper requires distributions to have NO point mass (see page 5, the third line after the **Query** paragraph, for the assumption statement; essentially they need the threshold T such that $\text{CDF}(T) = 1-1/n$ to exist). In our setting, we strived to make least assumptions on the reward distributions to understand its robustness against the strategic reward signaling, thus we do not make any assumptions on the reward distributions and allow them to have point masses. 2. Take a step back, even for the IID continuous distributions, it is not difficult to identify examples to show that the above threshold T with $\text{CDF}(T) = 1-1/n$ — which to the best of our knowledge is the only known threshold to achieve the $(1-1/e)$ competitive ratio for non-strategic setting — can become arbitrarily bad in strategic setting (i.e., cannot guarantee $\epsilon$-robustness for any $\epsilon > 0$). Reviewer **mXL5** happened to also ask this question, hence please refer to our last response to Reviewer **mXL5** for a construction of such an example. 3. It is an interesting question to study whether there are other thresholds, other than the $T = F^{-1}(1-1/N)$ (here F denotes the CDF) as in the referred paper, that guarantees $(1-1/e)$-CR in both non-strategic and strategic settings. However, this question is beyond the scope of this paper since it is not even known whether there is another threshold other than $T = F^{-1}(1-1/N)$ that can have $(1-1/e)$-CR even just for the non-strategic setting.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-12

We sincerely thank the reviewer again for engaging in our discussions and hope that our response has effectively addressed your further questions. If there are any lingering questions, we would be more than happy to address them.

Reviewer vri42024-08-12

I thank the authors for all the clarifications. I strongly encourage them to include the additional discussion of the IID case, and state more explicitly the limitations of their work indicated during the rebuttal in the revised version of the paper. The authors have addressed most of my concerns. I raised my score to reflect my satisfaction with their responses.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-12

We greatly thank the reviewer for the feedback! We will make sure to make our results for the IID case more complete, and state the limitations of our work more explicitly in the revision.

Reviewer mXL57/10 · confidence 4/52024-07-15

Summary

This paper considers a bayesian persuasion variant of the classical prophet inequality problem: an online decision-maker will face a sequence of independent positive random variables $(X_1,\dots,X_n)$, $X_i \sim F_i$ known, and must decide when to stop in order to maximize the expectation of the selected item. Contrarily to the original problem, each individual $i$ is strategic and chooses a signaling schemes aiming to maximize its chance of being selected (such as $\mathbb{1}_{X_i \geq t}$): the decision maker will only observe the signal from individual $i$, and not necessarily the $X_i$ directly. The process is in $3$ steps, the decision maker selects a stopping threshold $T$, the individuals select their signaling schemes, and finally the sequence of signals is observed. They first show that the usual rule of $\mathbb{E}[\max_i X_i]/2$ which without strategic agents achieves a $1/2$ competitive ratio, achieves a $(1-1/e)/2$ competitive ratio with strategic agents. In addition this is tight over a range of thresholds. Additional settings when the distributions are i.i.d. or are log-concave are considered.

Strengths

1) This is a novel model which incorporates strategic behavior into prophet inequalities, adding to the growing literature of algorithms in strategic environments. 2) The paper is clear and well written. 3) The new results are significant, and non-trivial. Upper and lower bounds on the competitive ratio in the strategic setting are provided. This work also considers multiple sub-settings, giving more insight and leaving specific interesting open questions for this new problem.

Weaknesses

1) It remains unknown whether $(1-1/e)/2$ is the best competitive ratio achievable in the strategic setting. 2) Some of the additional assumptions made when considering log-concave distributions are strong and too specific.

Questions

Questions and remarks : 1) In the i.i.d. setting, the negative results do not seem to preclude the existence of a threshold with a $1-1/e$ CR in the non-strategic setting and a $1/2$ CR in the strategic setting. Is it possible to achieve? For instance, what is the performance of the quantile rule $T=F^{-1}(1-1/n)$ which achieves $1-1/e$ in the non-strategic iid setting? 2) Related to Corollary 5.3, do the authors know if better results are achievable in the non-iid strategic setting if we give up the performance in the non-strategic setting ? 3) Do the authors have any insights about the prophet secretary case? 4) I think it would be useful to give more details with respect to [29] as it seems to directly pertain to the topic at hand, and this could provide some insights in terms of what is gained in a centralized vs decentralized setting. 5) Regarding the payoffs obtained by the individuals when their item is selected, have other types of payoff structures been considered? For instance, player $i$ receives reward $X_i$ if item $i$ is selected, and $0$ otherwise. How does it affect the strategizing? 6) A brief comment on the existence of $T^{\dagger}$ and $T^*$ that satisfy their relevant equations should be added. 7) Are there examples of log-concave distributions which does not respect the additional slow decrease condition and which achieves a CR smaller than $1/2$ with the suggested range of thresholds? More broadly, are the additional assumptions (other than log-concave) truly necessary? line 145: the \nicefrac{} command for $\mathbb{E}[\max_i X_i]/2$ makes it too small.

Rating

7

Confidence

4

Soundness

3

Presentation

3

Contribution

3

Limitations

Some limitations regarding strong assumptions and tightness of results have been accordingly addressed in the paper.

Reviewer mXL52024-08-09

We thank the authors for their responses and clarifications. I still have a few questions left, Q1. I agree that when the distributions are discrete a tie-break is required to achieve $1-1/e$. However much of the paper’s main section presentation assumes continuous distributions, in which case the $1-1/e$ competitive ratio is achieved. I would expect that under continuous distributions the natural definition for i.i.d. $\alpha$-robustness would be to guarantee the non-strategic competitive ratio of $1-1/e$. Even without the continuous assumption, does allowing for random tie-breaks make any of the proofs catastrophically fail? If this is the case this should be pointed out, as allowing for tie-break is quite standard in the literature, in which case looking at thresholds without tie breaks might not be the right policy set to consider. I am also now confused about the current proof of Proposition 5.2 in the paper. Is it correct that what the counter example proves, is that any fixed threshold (without tie breaking) in the non strategic setting will bet at most $½$? Maybe I misunderstood something, but this does not prove that for any $\alpha$-robust policy, $\alpha \leq ½ $, as we could still have $½$ in the non strategic setting and more than $½$ in the strategic one. However your new counter example does show that if $½$ is achieved in the non strategic setting, then the competitive ratio is at most $5 / 8.2$ in the strategic setting, but this is still not $½$. Please feel free to correct me. Regarding $Q7$, I think this limitation should therefore be included next to the result for transparency.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-11

Response to Reviewer's Comments

We appreciate the reviewer’s engagement and very interesting questions, which also help us to further deepen our results. Our response below is a bit long, but it should resolve the reviewer’s three major questions we believe. In a nutshell, 1. We identify an example to show that, even for continuous distributions, the known threshold to achieve the (1-1/e) competitive ratio (CR) in IID case for non-strategic setting can become arbitrarily bad in strategic setting (i.e., cannot guarantee $\epsilon$-robustness for any $\epsilon > 0$). While this is a very interesting question, it is unclear whether one could obtain interesting $\alpha$-robustness results for IID setting, subject to $(1-1/e)$-CR in non-strategic situations. Answering this question will also require significant advances over the state-of-the-art results for standard (non-strategic) prophet inequality for IID cases, as the currently known threshold would not work. 2. We thank the reviewer for pointing out the incompleteness of current proof of Proposition 5.2 to our attention. We acknowledge that the current proof of Proposition 5.2 indeed does not fully prove the statement, though it has the right intuition and ideas (and the statement of Prop 5.2 is also correct). A slight modification of the constructed example by changing $N-1$ in the construction to $N-\alpha_1$ and then letting $\alpha_1 \to 1$ suffices to prove the proposition. We also include a complete argument below in case the reviewer would like to take a look. 3. Lastly, we'd also like to note that tiebreaks do not affect our proofs. In particular, allowing tiebreaks does not help to get a better CR in a strategic setting. This is followed by a simple observation of the structure of the players’ optimal information strategies (see Proposition 3.1), where each player’s optimal information strategy is a two-point-mass distribution with larger mass being the same $T$. Thus, the searcher would never be better off by randomly rejecting any player if he is realizing a mass $T$ since that is the maximum possible value sent by all the players. Needless to say, we will incorporate all the above discussions in the next draft and also follow the reviewer’s suggestion and add our discussions about $Q_7$. **The threshold with $1-1/e$ competitive ratio in IID case is NOT $\epsilon$-robust for any constant $\epsilon>0$**: Under **continuous** iid distributions, one can always achieve $1-1/e$ competitive ratio (CR) in the non-strategic setting using the threshold $T$ such that $T = F^{-1}(1-1/N)$, where $F$ is the CDF. An interesting question is whether this $T$ is $(1-1/e)$-robust in the sense that it also achieves $1-1/e$ CR in the strategic setting. Unfortunately, the answer to this question is no --- in fact, this threshold $T$ cannot guarantee $\alpha$-robustness for any positive $\alpha$. We provide an intuitive counterexample below, but happy to convert it to a rigorous construction (which should require no new ideas but just tedious math constructions) if the reviewer is interested to see. Notably, it is an interesting question to study whether there are other thresholds, other than the threshold $T = F^{-1}(1-1/N)$, that guarantees $(1-1/e)$-CR in both non-strategic and strategic settings. However, this question is far beyond the scope of this paper since, to our knowledge, it is even not known whether there is another threshold other than $T = F^{-1}(1-1/N)$ that can have $(1-1/e)$-CR even just for the non-strategic setting. The counterexample considers $N$ players with continuous iid distributions that almost have a binary support in $\{0,1\}$, with probability $ \frac{1}{2N}$ to be $1$ hence mean $1/(2N)$ (rigorous construction only needs to ``smooth'' this discrete distribution to be a continuous one that mostly concentrates its mass on $0, 1$). These continuous distributions can be made to satisfy $F^{-1}(1-1/N) < \frac{1}{2N}$ (i.e., the threshold is very close to $0$ but just a little bit larger). Note under these distributions, the first player can use the no-information strategy and reveal $\delta(\frac{1}{2N})$ and will always be picked by the searcher. Hence the searcher’s payoff is $u^s(T) = \frac{1}{2N}$. Since we can approximate continuous distributions close to the binary support one, for any $\epsilon > 0$ we can always find a continuous distribution such that its $\text{OPT} = (1 - (1-\frac{1}{2N})^N) - \epsilon$, as $(1 - (1-\frac{1}{2N})^N)$ is the $\text{OPT}$ of the binary support one. Then the searcher’s CR is $\frac{u^S(T)}{\text{OPT}} = \frac{1}{N \cdot (1 - (1-\frac{1}{2N})^N - \epsilon)}$, which goes to $0$ as $N \to \infty$. Hence the searcher’s CR in the strategic setting can get very close to $0$, showing that $T = F^{-1}(1-1/N)$ is not robust to strategic reward signaling.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-11

Response to Reviewer's Comments (Continued)

**(Refined) Complete Proof of Proposition 5.2**: Consider an instance with $N$ iid distributions on binary support $\{N-\alpha_1, N + \alpha_2\}$ for $ \alpha_1 \in (0, 1), \alpha_2 > 0$ such that the probabilities are chosen to make the mean of each distribution precisely $N$ -- i.e., the probability of taking the smaller value is $\frac{\alpha_2}{\alpha_1 + \alpha_2}$. For the purpose of this proof, one should think of $N, \alpha_2$ as being very large. The prophet value $\text{OPT}$ can be calculated as following: $$\text{OPT} = (N + \alpha_2) \cdot [1 - (\frac{\alpha_2}{\alpha_2+\alpha_1})^N] + (N - \alpha_1) \cdot (\frac{ \alpha_2}{\alpha_2 + \alpha_1})^N.$$ We first claim that, for *any* $\alpha_1 \in(0, 1)$, no threshold $T \in (N - \alpha_1, N + \alpha_2]$ can guarantee at least $1/2$ competitive ratio for non-strategic settings. Intuitively, this is because any such threshold will give up any realization of $N- \alpha_1$ value, which leads to bad performance when the probability of having at least one realization of $ N + \alpha_2$ is small (i.e., when $\alpha_2$ is very large). Detailed calculation is as below: any threshold $T \in (N - \alpha_1 , N + \alpha_2] $ only accepts the realized $N + \alpha_2$ value, hence the expected payoff for non-strategic (ns) setting is (i.e., the first term of $\text{OPT}$) $$u^{ns}(T) = (N + \alpha_2) \cdot [ 1 - (\frac{\alpha_2 }{\alpha_2 + \alpha_1 })^N].$$ Therefore, \begin{eqnarray*} \frac{u^{ns}(T)}{\text{OPT}} &=& \frac{ (N + \alpha_2) \cdot [ 1 - (\frac{\alpha_2 }{\alpha_2 + \alpha_1 })^N] }{ (N + \alpha_2) \cdot [ 1 - (\frac{\alpha_2 }{\alpha_2 + \alpha_1 })^N] + (N - \alpha_1) \cdot (\frac{ \alpha_2}{\alpha_2 + \alpha_1})^N } \\ &=& \frac{ 1 }{ 1 + \frac{N - \alpha_1}{N + \alpha_2} \cdot \frac{(\frac{ \alpha_2}{\alpha_2 + \alpha_1})^N}{ 1 - (\frac{\alpha_2 }{\alpha_2 + \alpha_1 })^N } } \end{eqnarray*} We now analyze the limit of the key term $ \frac{N - \alpha_1}{N + \alpha_2} \cdot \frac{( \frac{ \alpha_2}{\alpha_2 + \alpha_1})^N}{ 1 - (\frac{\alpha_2 }{\alpha_2 + \alpha_1 })^N } $. To ease the analysis, we re-parameterize the above term with $\alpha_2 = \frac{\alpha_1 N }{ \alpha}$ with free parameter $\alpha$ to obtain \begin{eqnarray*} \frac{N - \alpha_1}{N + \alpha_2} \cdot \frac{( \frac{ \alpha_2}{\alpha_2 + \alpha_1})^N}{ 1 - (\frac{\alpha_2 }{\alpha_2 + \alpha_1 })^N } = \frac{N - \alpha_1}{N} \frac{1}{1 + \alpha_1/\alpha} \cdot \frac{( \frac{ N }{N + \alpha})^N}{ 1 - (\frac{ N }{N + \alpha })^N } = A(N, \alpha; \alpha_1) \end{eqnarray*} Since $\alpha_1 \in (0, 1)$ is fixed. Now fix $\alpha$ and let $N \to \infty$, we have $\lim_{N \to \infty} A(N, \alpha; \alpha_1) = \frac{1}{1 + \alpha_1/\alpha} \cdot \frac{e^{-\alpha} }{ 1 - e^{-\alpha} }$. Now, letting $\alpha \to 0$ and applying standard l'hopital's rule, we have $\lim_{ \alpha \to 0 } \frac{1}{1 + \alpha_1/\alpha} \cdot \frac{e^{-\alpha} }{ 1 - e^{-\alpha} } = \lim_{ \alpha \to 0 } \frac{\alpha e^{-\alpha} }{(\alpha + \alpha_1)(1 - e^{-\alpha} ) } = 1/\alpha_1$. As a consequence, we have $\lim_{N \to \infty, \alpha_2 \to \infty} \frac{u^{ns}(T)}{\text{OPT}} = \frac{\alpha_1}{\alpha_1 + 1}$. Thus, for any $\alpha_1 \in (0, 1)$, there exists an IID instance with large enough $N$ and $ \alpha_2 $ such that no threshold $T \in (N-\alpha_1, N + \alpha_2]$ can achieve CR at least $1/2$. The above analysis shows that the only threshold $T$ that can guarantee a CR at least $1/2$ in the above class of instances must satisfy $T \le N-\alpha_1$. Any such threshold will achieve searcher's utility $u^s(T) = N$ in the strategic setting since all players will reveal no reward information, leading to expected reward value $N$ for each player. A similar limit analysis using the same reparameterization $\alpha_2 = \frac{\alpha_1 N }{ \alpha}$ shows that $ \lim_{\alpha \to 0 }\lim_{N \to \infty} \frac{u^{s}(T)}{\text{OPT}} = \frac{1}{1+\alpha_1}$. The arguments above shows that for any $\alpha_1 < 1$, as $N, \alpha_2 \to \infty$ in the above instances, any threshold that has CR at least $1/2$ in non-strategic setting will have CR tending to $ \frac{1}{1+\alpha_1}$ in the strategic setting. Since this conclusion holds for any $\alpha_1 \in (0, 1)$, it rules out the possibility of having an $(1/2+\alpha)$-robust threshold (even outside the $1/2$-approximation threshold spectrum as in Definition 2.2) for any $\alpha > 0$.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-12

We sincerely thank the reviewer again for engaging in our discussions and hope that our response has effectively addressed your further questions. If there are any lingering questions, we would be more than happy to address them.

Reviewer mXL52024-08-13

I thank the authors for replying to my comments and have no further questions. I think after taking into account the suggestions/comments made by the reviewers and authors this will be a nice paper. Best,

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-13

We greatly thank the reviewer for the feedback and encouraging words. Indeed, the comments/suggestions made by the reviewer (and also other reviewers) would be helpful to improve our paper and deepen our results. We will make sure to include these suggestions/comments in our revision.

Authorsrebuttal2024-08-12

We sincerely thank the reviewer for the valuable comments/suggestions and hope that our response has effectively addressed your main questions/comments. If there are any lingering questions, we would be more than happy to address them.

Program Chairsdecision2024-09-25

Decision

Accept (poster)

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