As autonomous vehicle (AV) technology advances toward maturity, it becomes imperative to examine the security vulnerabilities within these cyberphysical systems. While conventional cybersecurity concerns are often at the forefront of discussions, it is essential to get deeper into the various layers of vulnerability that are often overlooked within mainstream frameworks. Our goal is to spotlight imminent challenges faced by AV operators and explore emerging technologies for comprehensive solutions. This research outlines the diverse security layers, spanning physical, cyber, coding, and communication aspects, in the context of AVs. Furthermore, we provide insights into potential solutions for each potential attack vector, ensuring that AVs remain secure and resilient in an evolving threat landscape.