Connecting Meteorite Spectra to Lunar Surface Composition Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning

We present an innovative, cost-effective framework integrating laboratory Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) of the Bechar 010 Lunar meteorite with ground-based lunar HSI and supervised Machine Learning (ML) to generate high-fidelity mineralogical maps. A 3mm thin section of Bechar 010 was imaged under a microscope with a 30mm focal length lens at 150mm working distance, using 6x binning to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, producing a data cube (X × Y ×λ = 791×1024×224, 0.24mm×0.2mm resolution) across 400nm–1000nm (224 bands, 2.7nm spectral sampling, 5.5nm full width at half maximum spectral resolution) using a Specim FX10 camera. Ground-based lunar HSI was captured with a Celestron 8SE telescope ( 3km/pixel), yielded a data cube (371×1024×224). Solar calibration was performed using a Spectralon reference (99% reflectance <2% error) ensured accurate reflectance spectra. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) with a radial basis function kernel, trained on expert-labeled spectra, achieved 93.7% classification accuracy (5-fold cross-validation) for olivine (92% precision, 90% recall) and pyroxene (88% precision, 86% recall) in Bechar 010. LIME analysis identified key wavelengths (e.g., 485nm, 22.4% for M3; 715nm, 20.6% for M6) across 10 pre-selected regions (M1 to M10), indicating olivine-rich (Highland-like) and pyroxene-rich (Mare-like) compositions. SAM analysis revealed angles from 0.26rad to 0.66rad, linking M3 and M9 to Highlands and M6 and M10 to Mares. K-means clustering of Lunar data identified 10 mineralogical clusters (88% accuracy), validated against Chandrayaan-1 Moon mineralogy Mapper (M3) data ( 140m/pixel, 10nm spectral resolution). A novel push-broom HSI approach with a telescope achieves 0.8 arcsec resolution for lunar spectroscopy, inspiring full-sky multi-object spectral mapping.