Legal Analysis and Legislative Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the Prevention and Counteraction of Computer Crimes and the Enhancement of Cybersecurity

Computer crimes are among the prominent issues in the field of criminal law, and the importance of combating them—particularly in today’s digital world—is becoming increasingly evident. In this regard, artificial intelligence (AI) is remarkably influential and can lead to profound transformations in computer technologies and cyberspace. The primary aim of this article is to examine how AI can play an effective role in countering computer crimes and improving cybersecurity performance. Based on research findings, given the limitations of human capabilities as well as the significant advancements in intelligent computer viruses and worms, the design of intelligent systems using advanced sensors and algorithms to combat computer crimes can be an effective step. One of the areas in which AI can strengthen cybersecurity is in the detection and identification of crimes. This technology, in addition to identifying threats, is also capable of preventing the occurrence of computer crimes. AI can enhance cybersecurity in various domains, including the detection of cyberattacks and threats such as botnets, the identification of spam and phishing attacks, combating fake accounts, protecting user information and data, authentication processes and fraud detection in authentication, monitoring user activities, and ensuring application security. Collectively, these measures can play a significant role in improving the safety of cyberspace. However, the use of AI to enhance cybersecurity also faces challenges. One of the major issues is the lack of transparency in AI decision-making processes, which may raise legal and ethical questions and challenges. Additionally, the requirement for large volumes of data to train algorithms and the necessity of human participation in decision-making processes are among the other challenges of this technology. Furthermore, the influence of various factors and complex variables in AI systems may cause difficulties in analyzing and predicting security threats. Ultimately, this article examines the legal dimensions and legislative challenges associated with AI in the prevention and counteraction of computer crimes and the enhancement of cybersecurity, and it proposes possible solutions to address these challenges.