Language-Independent Program Composition using Containers

An action sequence including a plurality of actions and a corresponding input dictionary are obtained. A first container, running an image for a first one of the actions implemented in a first programming language, is instantiated, and the image is executed on the input dictionary to obtain a first action result; the input dictionary is then updated with the first action result to obtain an updated input dictionary. A second container, running an image for a second one of the actions implemented in a second programming language, different than the first programming language, is instantiated, and the image is executed on the updated input dictionary to obtain a second action result; the updated input dictionary is further updated with the second action result to obtain a further updated input dictionary. The input dictionaries are independent of the programming languages.