MODULATION SYMBOL TO OUTER CODEWORD MAPPING

The subject matter disclosed herein provides an outer coding framework that, in some implementations, provides frequency diversity to outer codewords that are mapped to modulation symbols. In one aspect, there is provided a method. The method may include inserting a received packet into a frame. Moreover, an outer code may be used to encode the frame. Furthermore, the values read from a column of the frame may be inserted into a link-layer packet. In addition, the column may be shuffled by moving the values of the column based on an offset. The link-layer packet may also be provided to enable an inner code to encode the link-layer packet before transmission.Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.