Analysis of human resource management system transformation in organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan: challenges and opportunities

In the context of globalisation and digital transformation, human resource management (HRM) systems have become a strategic asset determining organisational competitiveness. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of transformational processes in HRM systems across organisations in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research aim is to periodise the evolution of HR systems since independence, identify key challenges in the digital economy environment, and assess strategic opportunities for organisational HRM transformation. The scientific significance of the work lies in the absence of comprehensive theoretical research on HR transformation in a post-Soviet context. The scientific novelty consists in developing an original four-stage periodisation of HR system transformation in Kazakhstan and a Digital HR Maturity Index (DHRMI) methodology adapted to post-Soviet economies. A significant association between People Analytics adoption and staff retention was empirically confirmed (r=0.67; p<0.01) on a sample of 78 Kazakhstani organisations. The practical value consists in developing a set of indicators for assessing the level of HR system digitalisation, alongside a strategic recommendations package for medium and large enterprises. Specific implementation mechanisms are proposed: HR digitalisation roadmaps, People Analytics upskilling programmes for HR professionals, and government support tools for SMEs through tax incentives and digital platforms (eHRMS). The findings are applicable by public authorities, business associations, and corporate HR departments. Overall, the study contributes to defining the modernisation trajectory of HRM systems in Kazakhstani organisations and to the formulation of evidence-based practical recommendations.